Why are international characters in notification email subjects are being replaced with '?'

This happens if the system encoding is not the same as the JIRA encoding (by default UTF-8).  System encoding can be seen in Administration -> System -> System Info, and JIRA encoding can be seen in Admin -> Global Settings -> General Configuration.

If there is a discrepancy, this can be fixed by setting the system encoding with a command-line option (-Dfile.encoding=utf-8) when starting JIRA. Eg. with Tomcat (JIRA Standalone), set the following before running the startup script:

JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=utf-8
CODE

See Setting Properties and Options on Startup for instructions.

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排查Jira中的字符显示问题